Resumen Este trabajo se centra en el estudio y análisis de la percepción de los sonidos consonantes oclusivos del portugués europeo por parte de estudiantes chinos, con diferentes niveles de dominio del portugués (B1 y C1). Con base en trabajos como los de Flege (1995) y Best (1995), se plantean las siguientes preguntas: (1) ¿Qué pares mínimos causan más dificultades a los estudiantes chinos de PLE? (2) ¿Qué factores influyen en la percepción de los sonidos consonantes oclusivos? Los resultados muestran que [k] y [g] son los sonidos consonantes oclusivos que causan más dificultad para los estudiantes chinos de PLE; La lengua materna es un factor que influye en la percepción de los sonidos de consonantes oclusivas y la duración del aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera y la estancia en países de lenguas extranjeras no parecen influir significativamente en la percepción de las consonantes oclusivas el EP por parte de los estudiantes chinos.

Resumo Este trabalho estuda e analisa a perceção de sons consonânticos oclusivos do Português Europeu (PE) por aprendentes chineses, com diferentes níveis de proficiência, B1 e C1. Com base em trabalhos como os de Flege (1995) e Best (1995) e nos modelos por eles desenvolvidos, procura-se encontrar resposta que nos permita, enquanto professores de português língua estrangeira (PLE), entender melhor as dificuldades manifestadas pelos aprendentes e perceber que fatores poderão estar subjacentes a essas dificuldades. Numa primeira observação dos resultados, percebe-se que o par [k / g] é o que mais dificuldades causa, em termos de identificação e discriminação. Outro aspeto que sobressai é a ideia de que a língua materna influencia a perceção de sons consonânticos oclusivos, enquanto que a experiência de aprendizagem em imersão e o tempo de estudo não parecem influenciar, significativamente, a perceção das consoantes oclusivas do PE por aprendentes chineses.

Résumé Ce travail porte sur l'étude et l'analyse de la perception des consonnes occlusives du portugais européen par des apprenants chinois, avec différents niveaux de maîtrise du portugais (B1 et C1). A partir de travaux comme ceux de Flege (1995) et Best (1995), les questions suivantes sont posées : (1) Quelles sont les paires minimales qui posent le plus de difficultés aux apprenants chinois de portugais langue étrangère ? (2) Quels facteurs influencent la perception des consonnes occlusives ? Les résultats montrent que [k] et [g] sont les consonnes occlusives qui causent le plus de difficultés pour les apprenants chinois de PLE ; la langue maternelle est un facteur influençant la perception des sons des consonnes stop et la durée d'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère et le séjour dans les pays de langue étrangère ne semblent pas influencer significativement la perception des consonnes stop EP par les apprenants chinois.

Abstract This work aims to study the perception of consonant occlusive sounds of the EP by Chinese learners with different levels of proficiency in the Portuguese language. Based on work such as Flege (1995) and Best (1995), we discussed the following research questions: (1) Which minimum pairs of occlusive consonant sounds cause most difficulty for Chinese PLE learners? (2) What factors influence the perception of occlusive consonant sounds? (3) What is the situation regarding the perception of occlusive consonants by Chinese learners with different levels of proficiency (B1 and C1)? The results indicate that the minimum pair [k]/[g] is the occlusive consonant sounds which cause most difficulty for Chinese PLE learners; the LM is a factor which influences the perception of occlusive consonant sounds; the time of learning the foreign language and staying in a foreign language country are not the factors which can definitely influence the perception of occlusive consonant sounds.

Abstract Phytosterols (PS) and phytosterol esters have been widely used in the food and health product industries as cholesterol-lowering agents. In order to improve theirs dispersity and bioavailability in low lipid media, PS and phytosterol acetate ester (PAE) were embedded into liposomes in the study. The effects of different PAE or PS concentrations on liposome properties were determined and interactions between PAE or PS and phospholipids were also explored. PAE and PS can be well embedded in liposomes, and the encapsulation rate was more than 90%. Compared to SPC liposomes, no significant difference (P > 0.05) in particle size (60 nm) and zeta potential (-15 mV) were observed between liposomes with PAE or PS. Liposomes were spherical, with smooth surfaces and uniform size distributions. The results of X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) revealed that PAE and PS were amorphously embedded in liposomes. The results from the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis indicated that PAE or PS changed the structure of the lipid membrane by interacting with phospholipids in the liposomes. Low doses of PAE had a stabilizing effect on the liposome membrane structure.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of an integrated approach to prevent and treat the recurrence of moderate-to-severe intrauterine adhesions (IUA) after hysteroscopic transcervical resection of adhesion (TCRA). METHODS: The study included a total of 70 patients with moderate-to-severe IUAs who underwent TCRA. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n=35) and control group n=35). In the treatment group, patients underwent balloon uterine stent placement and artificial cycle as well as received intrauterine perfusion of Danshen injection and oral Chinese medicine. In the control group, patients underwent balloon uterine stent placement and artificial cycle as well as received hyaluronic acid sodium and intrauterine device (IUD). Follow-up was performed after treatment of uterine cavity, menstruation and pregnancy. RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, we observed a significantly lower rate of intrauterine re-adhesion (45.71% versus 77.14%, p=0.044) and significantly higher clinical efficiency (82.86% versus 77.14%, p=0.025) in the treatment group than those in the control group. After 6 months of treatment, we observed a significantly higher clinical efficiency in the treatment group than that in the control group (88.57% versus 68.57%, p=0.039). During the follow-up period, the pregnancy rate was 45.71% and 37.14% in the treatment group and control group, respectively, although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.628). CONCLUSIONS: After surgical management of IUA, the integrated treatment combining a uterus stent placement and artificial cycle with Danshen injection and oral Chinese medicine can improve the condition of menstruation, and prevent and treat recurrence of IUA.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most prevalent malignancies and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. However, the therapies to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma are still limited and the emergence of drug resistance leads to the development of new anti-cancer drugs and combinational chemotherapy regimens. Our study was aimed to explore the anticancer effects of the essential oil extract (EEEO) from Euphorbia esula which has been widely used in traditional Chinese folk medicine and possessed potential cytotoxic effects in several human tumor cells. However, the mechanisms of EEEO-induced anti-proliferation and apoptosis have not been completely elucidated. In this study, EEEO was prepared by hydro-distillation and the main chemical component of EEEO was identified by GC-MS. HepG2 cells were treated with EEEO in vitro and then evaluated with respect to proliferation, apoptosis, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic proteins. Our studies showed that EEEO decreased cell viability, elevated ROS levels, and induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, Bcl-2 was down-regulated, while Bax was up-regulated in HepG2 after EEEO treatment. These results suggest that EEEO induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells and indicate that this apoptosis might be mediated by the mitochondrial pathway.